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Fallen Fairies
''Fallen Fairies''; ''or, The Wicked World'', is a two-act comic opera, with a libretto by W. S. Gilbert and music by Edward German. The story is an operatic adaptation of Gilbert's 1873 blank-verse fairy comedy, ''The Wicked World''. In Fairyland, the fairies are curious about wicked mortals, especially their strange capacity for love. They summon three mortal men from the world below to observe them and to teach the men how to live virtuously. The fairies fall in love with the mortals, become jealous of each other and behave badly. The men return to Earth, and the fairies realize that love is overrated.
The piece premiered at London's Savoy Theatre on 15 December 1909. Gilbert directed the opera. Charles Herbert Workman produced and starred as Lutin. The cast also featured Claude Flemming as Ethais, Leo Sheffield as Phyllon and Nancy McIntosh as Selene, with choreography by John D'Auban and costume designs by Percy Anderson. McIntosh received negative reviews, and Workman soon replaced her with Amy Evans and made changes in the play that angered Gilbert, who sued Workman. Despite better reviews for Evans, the work did not please the critics, or ultimately the audiences. It failed, closing after just 50 performances. Neither Gilbert nor German would write another opera.
==Background==
Early in his career, Gilbert wrote a number of successful blank-verse fairy comedies. He was clearly fascinated by this plot, which had been the subject of his 1871 short story of the same name before writing ''The Wicked World'' in 1873. He also wrote (under a pseudonym) an 1873 play that parodies ''The Wicked World'' called ''The Happy Land'', and contained much political satire aimed at politicians of the day; this made a sensation at the Court Theatre after the Lord Chamberlain banned parts of it.〔Rees, Terence. "''The Happy Land'': its true and remarkable history" in ''W. S. Gilbert Society Journal'' vol. 1, no. 8 (1994), pp. 228–37〕
Like a number of Gilbert's blank-verse plays, ''Fallen Fairies'' treats the ensuing consequences when an all-female world is disrupted by men and the romantic complications they bring. His plays ''The Princess'' (1870) and ''Broken Hearts'' (1875), and his earlier operas ''Iolanthe'' (1882) and ''Princess Ida'' (1884), are all treatments of this basic idea.〔(Introduction to ''Broken Hearts'', ) ''The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive'', accessed 10 March 2009〕 Stedman calls this a "Gilbertian invasion plot".〔Stedman, p. 95: In "a Gilbertian invasion" plot, outsiders change a tranquil society, as where the Thespians take control of Olympus in ''Thespis'', and the Flowers of Progress remodel Utopia in ''Utopia, Limited''.〕 ''Princess Ida'' and ''Fallen Fairies'', both based on earlier blank-verse plays by Gilbert, unlike Gilbert's other operas, both retain blank verse in the dialogue.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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